What is the primary function of transferase enzymes?

Transferase enzymes play a critical role in biochemical reactions by facilitating the transfer of specific functional groups from one molecule to another. This action is essential in various metabolic pathways, including those involved in the synthesis and modification of biomolecules. For example, during amino acid metabolism, transferase enzymes can move amino groups between molecules, impacting protein formation and various metabolic processes.

The primary function of transferases distinguishes them from other types of enzymes. They don't catalyze hydrolysis reactions, which involve the breakdown of molecules through the addition of water, nor do they bond two larger molecules together (that would typically involve ligases). While some enzymes may catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, that would fall under the category of oxidoreductases, not transferases. Therefore, the unique role of transferase enzymes in transferring functional groups is what makes them crucial in various biological processes.